基于工作过程的南疆高职院校园艺技术专业农业应用化学教学改革探析

分析了从南疆职业院校园艺技术专业农业应用化学教学中存在的问题,以提高该课程教学要求及园艺技术人才专业人才培养规格为目标,提出了对接教学领域与职业技能、职业素养,改革教学内容、课程体系、优化教学的方法和手段,为提高园艺技术专业服务育人本质,培养更多更好服务地方经济社会发展的高素质、高技能的园艺技术专业人才奠定重要的基础。     

Sorghum extrusion process combined with biofortified sweet potato contributed for high iron bioavailability in Wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum and sweet potato on the bioavailability of iron, gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism and the plasma antioxidant capacity in animals fed with whole sorghum grains processed by dry heat or extrusion, combined or not with sweet potato flour with high content of carotenoids. Five experimental groups were tested (n = 7): dry heat sorghum flour (DS); extruded sorghum flour (ES); whole sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (DS + SP); extruded sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (ES + SP) and positive control (FS). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citochroma B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ES + SP group showed higher (p < 0.05) expression of DcytB, ferroportin and hephaestin when compared to the control group. The DS group showed high (p < 0.05) expression of DMT-1 and the ES showed high mRNA expression of transferrin and ferritin. The changes in the sorghum physicochemical properties from extrusion process reduced the iron and phytate content, and increased the gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism, improving iron bioavailability. The combination of sweet potato and sorghum flour (dry or extruded) improved the iron capture and total antioxidant capacity, probably due to the presence of β-carotene and antioxidant compounds.     

土壤养分位与广义氧化还原电极电势

 根据广义氧化还原理论,给出了土壤溶液中NH₄⁺,P,Ca等养料成份的广义氧化还原电极电势。与养分位比较,用广义氧化还原电极电势来量度土壤养分有效度具有较多的优越性。     

木质材料的表面劣化与木材保护的研究

本试验以枫桦(Betula costata Trautv)、紫椴(Tilia amurensis Rupr)木材单板和凸版纸、新闻纸、条纹牛皮纸、书写纸、胶版纸和朴克原纸为试材,借助于电子自旋共振波谱仪和扫描电子显微镜观测和分析了经室内、外暴露和人造紫外光辐射期间各种木质材料表面化学和表面性状的变化;提出了抑制木材表面劣化,保护木材的处理方法。研究结果表明,采用电子自旋共振波谱仪和扫描电子显微镜可以监测木质材料的劣化过程。采用化学药剂处理和油漆涂饰处理均可抑制紫外光对木材表面的光化降解,其中用浓度为5％的三氧化铬溶液或三氯化铁溶液处理木材其保护作用显著,能够改善木材的耐候性能。     

棉花黄萎病菌毒素结合位点初探

以纯化的棉花黄萎病菌毒素(PLPC)免疫新西兰白兔制备了PLPC特异性抗血清。将PLPC(15μg·ml 1)用不同浓度的抗体(1～20μg·ml 1IgG)吸附后处理泗棉3号的切根苗,毒素所引起的症状都有不同程度的减轻。表明所制备的抗体在与毒素发生特异性免疫学反应的同时,可部分封闭毒素分子上与毒素受体结合的位点。利用竞争ELISA测定了泗棉3号幼苗子叶的质膜制剂与PLPC的结合活性。结果表明,质膜制剂与毒素结合后能部分阻断毒素与其抗体的免疫学反应,即质膜制剂中含有毒素的结合位点。分别用胰蛋白酶和煮沸处理质膜制剂后,质膜制剂对毒素与其抗体的反应的抑制作用消失,初步表明质膜制剂中与毒素结合的是蛋白质。     

Identification by isoelectric focusing of creatine kinase-MM isoforms in the plasma and striated muscle of pigs

Total creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MM isoforms were determined in plasma and longissimus dorsi muscle extracts from normal pigs. Based on their total CK activity, the pigs were divided into two groups. Pigs of group 1 (n=16) had a mean plasma total CK of 298±16 U/L and the distribution of the CK-MM isoforms was 65.7±2.5% CK-MM₃, 18.9±1.6% CK-MM₂ and 15.3±1.5% CK-MM. In group 2 (n=18; 826±75 U/L total CK) four isoforms were observed: 3.1±0.9% CK-MM, 67.9±3.0% CK-MM₃, 21.5±2.3% CK-MM₂ and 7.5±1.3% CK-MM₁. The differences between the two groups of pigs were significant (p<0.001) for CK-MM₁ and the presence of CK-MM. Four CK-MM isoforms were also detected in longissimus dorsi muscle homogenates: 45.6±8.1% CK-MM, 32.6±11.7% CK-MM₃, 16.6±2.3% CK-MM₂ and 5.1±2.8% CK-MM₁. The release of CK-MM isoforms from muscle into plasma seems to be unrelated to the concentration of these isoforms in striated muscle.     

猪血浆蛋白(酶)多态性与杂种优势的关系

为探讨血浆蛋白 (酶 )多态性与杂种优势的关系 ,测定了杜洛克、长白、大白、杜×长大、大×长大、长×大、大×长共 7个品种 (组合 )的 8个血浆蛋白 (酶 )位点的多态性及部分生长和胴体性状 ,计算了平均基因杂合度与部分经济性状实测值和杂优率的相关关系 .结果表明 ,平均基因杂合度与遗传距离呈正相关 ,与日增重、屠宰率、背膘厚、后腿比例的实测值或杂优率呈正相关 ,与眼肌面积的实测值和杂优率呈负相关 .平均基因杂合度和亲本间遗传距离可为预测杂种优势提供依据 .     

溴隐停对惠州麻肉种鸡产蛋性能的影响

研究目的在于探讨多巴胺受体激动剂(溴隐停)对地方良种肉鸡繁殖性能的影响。方法从628只28周龄健康的“惠州麻”黄羽肉种鸡群中随机选取1组鸡笼内的40鸡作为实验组,其余的作为对照组。实验组鸡群喂服溴隐停,每只鸡每天1.25mg,连用4d,停用4d后再用4d,对照组不使用。结果在4周的实验期内实验组和对照组的产蛋率分别为83.86%和69.96%;破蛋率分别为1.28%和1.69%,畸形蛋率分别为4.33%和1.19%;实验组平均每只鸡的产蛋总数比对照组多3.89个、合格种蛋数多3.26个;药物处理对平均蛋重无显著影响;使用溴隐停能够提高鸡血液中的雌激素水平。结论溴隐停能够通过抑制地方良种肉鸡体内促乳素的合成与分泌,减少抱窝现象的发生,提高其繁殖性能。     

Inflammation-related changes in cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in bovine mastitis

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cocentrations in milk and plasma samples from healthy and mastitic cows were determined by radioi-immunoassay and compared with prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2 and thromboxane B2 [TXB2]), phospholipids and other relevant parameters in milk and blood. The concentrations of cAMP were about five times higher in plasma (p<0.01) than in milk, whereas the cGMP concentration in milk was three times higher (p<0.01) than that in plasma in both healthy and diseased animals. In mastitic milk, the cAMP and cGMP concentrations were 19% and 65% and in blood plasma 13% and 84% higher respectively than in healthy animals. In milk, cyclic nucleotide concentrations correlated with the markedly elevated cell count and also with the prostaglandin concentration and pH. In blood, cAMP correlated positively with phospholipids and cGMP with reduced glutathione (GSH). These changes are considered to be important in the disease process and, in particular, the increase in cGMP deserves further study.     

Diurnal and individual variations in bile acids in the plasma of normal dairy cows

Blood samples were collected every 2 h during a 24 h period from 6 cows of one herd and 10 cows of another herd. In a third herd 9 cows were sampled every 2 h from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Concentrations of total bile acids, acetoacetate, glucose and free fatty acids were determined in blood plasma. A marked difference in individual bile acid concentrations and patterns of diurnal variation was found. For most cows the highest bile acid values were observed between 2 and 6 a.m. (overall mean (+/- SD) at 6 a.m.: 104 +/- 84 mumol/l, range: 20-307 mumol/l). Fourteen cows with a bile acid value greater than 90 mumol/l at 6 a.m. ("high BA") were characterized as a group by showing a pronounced decrease in the mean bile acid concentration after morning feeding. In the group of 11 cows with a 6 a.m. bile acid value less than 90 mumol/l ("low BA") the time of day did not contribute significantly to the bile acid variation. For the "high BA" group a nearly synchronous variation between the mean values of the 3 feeding dependent parameters (acetoacetate, glucose and free fatty acids) and the mean values of bile acids was found. The within animal coefficients of correlation between bile acids and the feeding dependent parameters were significantly higher in the "high BA" group than in the "low BA" group. No direct connection was found between bile acid levels and the quantity of concentrates fed or the individual milk yield.